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Tools Updated: 07/12/2017 by Computer Hope Tools may refer to any of the following: toolkits1. When referring to software, tools (also know as toolkits) are a set of basic components and accessories that help software developers create programs in a more efficient manner. See the Computer Hope tools for a list of available online tools. 2. With hardware, tools are what enable a person to install, remove, or perform other actions on the components within their computer. Tools to have when working on a computer The following list of tools is in order of importance, according to our opinion. Ideally, any technician that goes onsite to repair or troubleshoot computers should have most if not all, of the below tools. However, most situations do not require all of these tools at the same time, so we have broken the list into sections to help identify the tools you need for each job. Antistatic or ESD wrist strapMust-have computer tools ESD strap or other ESD protection device Screwdriver, Phillips screwdriver, and Torx screwdriver or bit Flashlight Tip: When purchasing any screwdriver try to avoid any screwdriver that uses magnets to hold in the tips and instead purchase screwdrivers that use ball bearings to hold in the tips. Compressed air canComputer hardware replacement and repair tools Antistatic mat Precision Screwdriver Set Compressed air Multimeter Extra parts, e.g. power cable, network cable, keyboard, and mouse Empty Antistatic bags Lint free cloth Low-wattage soldering Iron, Wick, and Reel Wire cutter and stripper Tweezers or parts retriever Post card Temperature gun Heat gun Spudger Computer software troubleshooting USB Jump drive with troubleshooting utilities and UBCD. Blank CD's (in case need to make a restore CD or copy other information) Other helpful computer tools and equipment AA and AAA batteries (for wireless mouse and keyboard) Crimping tool Portable Vacuum cleaner Computer cleaning tools See our computer cleaning tools section on our cleaning page for a list of tools for cleaning your computer and computer hardware. Tool kits There are also computer tool kits (not to be confused with toolkit, which is defined above) available that have all the necessary items for computer repair. However, most technicians find that a good screwdriver and some of the previously mentioned components are enough for most repair jobs. Related pages How can I become a computer technician? Programming tools, Screw, ESD, Punch down tool

Motherboard Updated: 05/05/2017 by Computer Hope Alternatively referred to as the mb, mainboard, mboard, mobo, mobd, backplane board, base board, main circuit board, planar board, system board, or a logic board on Apple computers. The motherboard is a printed circuit board that is the foundation of a computer, located on the back side or at the bottom of the computer chassis. It allocates power and allows communication to the CPU, RAM, and all other computer hardware components. Motherboard overview Below is a picture of the ASUS P5AD2-E motherboard with labels next to each of its major components. Clicking on the image directs you to a larger and more detailed version. Computer motherboard Motherboard components Below are links to pages with more details for each of the motherboard components mentioned in the previous section. The links are listed in clockwise order starting from the top left-hand corner of the image. Components not labeled on the image above can be found in a section later in this document. Expansion slots (PCI Express, PCI, and AGP) 3-pin case fan connectors Back pane connectors Heat sink 4-Pin (P4) power connector Inductor Capacitor CPU Socket Northbridge Screw hole Memory slot Super I/O Floppy connection ATA (IDE) disk drive primary connection 24-pin ATX power Supply connector Serial ATA connections Coin cell battery (CMOS backup battery) RAID System panel connectors FWH Southbridge Serial port connector USB headers Jumpers Integrated circuit 1394 headers SPDIF CD-IN Additional motherboard components The following list contains links to components that are not shown in the picture above or were part of older computer motherboards. BIOS Bus Cache memory Chipset Diode Dip switches Electrolytic Fuse Game port and MIDI header Internal speaker Keyboard controller LCC Network header Obsolete expansion slots (AMR, CNR, EISA, ISA, VESA) Obsolete memory slots (SIMM) Onboard LED Parallel port header PS/2 header Resistor RTC Serial port header Screw hole aka mounting hole SCSI Solenoid Voltage regulator Voltage regulator module (VRM) Motherboard form factors As computers advanced, so have motherboards. Below is a listing of the various motherboard form factors and additional information about each including ATX, which is the most common. AT ATX Baby AT BTX DTX LPX Full AT Full ATX microATX NLX How many connections, ports, or slots are on a motherboard? There is no set standard to how many connections, ports, or expansion slots are on a motherboard. The best method of determining how many connections, ports, or slots are available for your motherboard is to look up the specifications contained in its documentation. If you've lost or discarded your motherboard's documentation, you can often download a free PDF version from the manufacturer's website. How do I determine which computer motherboard I have? How does a motherboard connect to a computer case? A computer motherboard connects to a desktop computer case using standouts. Once it is attached to the case, all of the other devices connect either to the motherboard itself, or to an inserted expansion card. How to install a computer motherboard. What was the first motherboard? The first motherboard is considered to be one used in the IBM Personal Computer, released in 1981. At the time, IBM referred to it as a "planar" instead of a motherboard. The IBM Personal Computer and the motherboard inside it would set the standard for IBM-compatible computer hardware going forward. Since there is a motherboard, is there a fatherboard? No, there is no such thing as a fatherboard when referring to a computer. However, there is such a thing as a daughterboard. Where did the motherboard get its name? The daughterboards we mentioned in the previous section are circuit boards that all plug into one larger central circuit board; a motherboard. The smaller boards can be though of as the main board's "children," hence the name motherboard. Is there a motherboard in a laptop, smartphone, and tablet? Yes, although the board is often referred to as a logic board and not a motherboard. The logic board is very similar to a motherboard and operates the same way. However, because of size requirements with most logic boards, the components like the processor and RAM (in tablets and smartphones) are soldered onto the board. Also, because many of these devices have no upgrade options, there are no slots or sockets that would support a replacement or upgrade of components like a traditional computer motherboard. Related pages Computer motherboard manufacturers and related links. Computer motherboard help and support. Backplane, Form factor, Motherboard terms, Northbridge, Southbridge, Standout

Connection Updated: 04/26/2017 by Computer Hope A connection is a term that describes the link between a plug or connector into a port or jack. For example, your monitor, mouse, and keyboard all must connect to the computer before they work. Different forms of the word connect There are different ways the word connect can be used when describing a connector, how they connect, or the process of connecting. Below is a list of all forms of the word with further information to get a better understanding of what word to use when describing something or to describe a process. Connect and connected, and connection - The description of two or more devices successfully sending and receiving information. For example, if you are reading a web page your computer is connected to the Internet and has a good connection. Connecting - Describes the process of connecting a plug, wire, or another device to the computer. For example, I'm connecting my monitor to my computer so I can get a picture and see what is happening. Connecting is also a description of two or more devices establishing a connection. For example, with a Dial-up Modem as your computer connects to your ISP you can hear your computer connecting (handshaking) and once completed your computer is connected to the Internet. Connections - An overall description of all available expansion slots, ports, and jacks (more than one) on a computer or other device. For example, my USB hub has three available USB connections. Connector - The description of the end of the cable that connects to the computer. Centronics, DB, DIN, mini-plug, and USB are all examples of types of connectors. Examples of computer connections Below is a picture of the back of a desktop computer and each of connections or ports. Although your desktop computer's layout may be different, this diagram gives you a better understanding of where everything connects. Back of computer case and each connection Below are related pages for each of the connections shown above and some related terms. Clicking on each of the links below allow you to get more information about these connections as well as related information. Connections on the back of the computer AT AUI BNC Composite DisplayPort DVI eSATA Firewire (IEEE-1394) HDMI MIDI Modem (RJ-11 aka telephone) Network (RJ-45) PS/2 port RCA S-Video S/PDIF SCSI Serial port (RS-232) Sound Card (sound out or line out, sound in or line in, Microphone, and MIDI(Joystick)) Parallel port USB VGA/SVGA Internal connections ATA Expansion slots IDE/EIDE SATA SCSI Related pages What is the difference between a connector, jack, plug, and port? How to setup a new computer. Back panel, Computer, Connectionless, Cable, Direct connection, Install, Motherboard, Parallel Port, VIA, Wire

Top 10 keyboard shortcuts everyone should know Updated: 08/08/2017 by Computer Hope Top 10 keyboard shortcutsUsing keyboard shortcuts can greatly increase your productivity, reduce repetitive strain, and help keep you focused. For example, to copy text, you can highlight text and press the Ctrl+C shortcut. The shortcut is faster than moving your hands from the keyboard, highlighting with the mouse, choosing copy from the file menu, and then returning to the keyboard. Below are the top 10 keyboard shortcuts we recommend everyone memorize and use. Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Insert and Ctrl+X Both Ctrl+C and Ctrl+Insert will copy highlighted text or a selected item. If you want to cut an item instead of copying it, press Ctrl+X. This action removes the text or item and stores it in the clipboard for you, rather than just copying it to the clipboard while leaving the original behind. Apple computer users can substitute the Ctrl key for the command (cmd) key on their computers. For example, pressing Cmd+C copies highlighted text. Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert Both the Ctrl+V and Shift+Insert will paste the text or object that's stored in the clipboard. On Apple computers, use Cmd+V instead. Practice Use the above text input fields to highlight the "Cut or copy this text" text and press either Ctrl+C to copy or Ctrl+X to Cut the text. Once Cut Move to the next field and press Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert to paste the text. For further demonstration, visit the following link. How to copy and paste text in a document or other program Ctrl+Z and Ctrl+Y Pressing Ctrl+Z will undo any change. For example, if you cut text, pressing this key combination will undo the cut. These shortcuts can also be pressed multiple times to undo or redo multiple changes. Pressing Ctrl+Y would redo the undo. On Apple computers, use Cmd+Z and Cmd+Y to undo and redo. Use the above text input field to highlight some or all of the text and then press Ctrl+X to cut the text. Once the text has disappeared press the Ctrl+Z to undo the cut. Tip: If you did the first example as well (cut and paste text) and you continue to press Ctrl+Z, it is also going to undo that change. Ctrl+F Pressing Ctrl+F opens the Find field, which allows you to search the text currently displayed in any program that supports it. For example, Ctrl+F can be used in your Internet browser to find text on the current page. Press Ctrl+F now to open the Find in your browser and search for "shortcut" to display each time shortcut is mentioned on this page. On Apple computers, use Cmd+F to find. Alt+Tab or Ctrl+Tab Pressing Alt+Tab switches between open programs moving forward. For example, if you have your browser window open and other programs running in the background press and hold Alt and then press the tab key to cycle through each open program. On Apple computers instead of using the Alt key use the Command (Cmd) key. For Example, Cmd+Tab to switch between open programs. Bonus Tip: Press Ctrl+Tab to switch between tabs in a program. For example, if you have multiple tabs open in your Internet browser, press Ctrl+Tab to switch between them. Bonus Tip: Adding the Shift key to Alt+Tab or Ctrl+Tab moves backward. For example, if you are pressing Alt+Tab and pass the program you want to use, press Alt+Shift+Tab to move back to that program. Bonus Tip: Windows Vista, 7, 8, and 10 users can also press the Windows Key+Tab to switch through open programs in a full screenshot of the window. Ctrl+Backspace and Ctrl+Left or Right arrow Note: The following shortcuts are for PC users only and do not work on Apple computers. Pressing Ctrl+Backspace will delete a full word at a time instead of a single character. Holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the left or right arrow will move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time. If you want to highlight one word at a time, hold down Ctrl+Shift, then press the left or right arrow key. Your highlighted selection will move one word at a time in that direction. Ctrl+S While working on a document or other file in almost every program, pressing Ctrl+S saves that file. Use this shortcut key frequently if you're working on anything important in case an error happens, you lose power, or any other issues that could cause you to any work since the last save. On Apple computers, use Cmd+S to save a file. Ctrl+Home or Ctrl+End Ctrl+Home will move the cursor to the beginning of the document, and Ctrl+End will move the cursor to the end of a document. These shortcuts work with most documents, as well as web pages. On Apple computers use Command and the Cmd and the up arrow to get to the beginning of a document or text or Cmd and the down arrow to get to the end of a document or text. Ctrl+P Control+P is used to open a print preview of the page or document currently being viewed. For example, press Ctrl+P now to view a print preview of this page. On Apple computers use Cmd+P to open the print preview. Page Up, Spacebar, and Page Down As you may have guessed, pressing either the page up or page down key will move to the next or previous page. When browsing the Internet, pressing the spacebar moves the scrollbar down a page. Similarly, Shift+spacebar moves the scrollbar up one page. Additional information Full listing of keyboard shortcuts How to use a computer keyboard Top 10 tips See our keyboard definition for a further information and related link on computer keyboards.